![]() It is clear that the two straight pipes (1 and 2) with no radii have a large boundary layer at the wall where the air is travelling slowly. The figure above shows the velocity profile of the bell mouths and runners in a cross sectional cut on the front plane as well as the associated top view. However, since it is extremely difficult to accurately model this transient flow inside the intake, it was decided that the best steady state bell mouth design would be incorporated in our intake design. ![]() These results look at steady state flow while in fact, the flow in the actual plenum is transient due to intake valves opening and closing along with varying throttle positions. This would simulate the low pressure created by the piston during the intake stroke while the intake valve is open. Likewise, the pressure at the bottom of the bell mouth was set at 90kPa. This simulates the volume of air inside the plenum which is similar to atmospheric pressure under partial throttle. In this simulation an air box, shown in blue, was created and remained at atmospheric pressure. Method 4: Bell mouth or trumpet end pipe. Method 3: Pipe with radius added to the end. Method 2: Straight ended pipe enters the plenum flush with the plenum wall Method 1: Straight ended pipe enters the plenum with the end offset from the plenum wall Several conventional shapes which are commonly used in intake design were considered as potential design options they are as follows: The geometry of the intake in the area where air leaves the plenum and enters the intake runners will impact the amount of air entering the engine.
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